Long before it became the invisible substrate of modern existence, the internet was a stubbornly obscure technology, an awkward, high-friction playground restricted to defence researchers, mainframe operators, and subcultural tinkerers. To the ordinary public, logging on was neither intuitive nor inviting; it was an ordeal of acoustic couplers, command lines, and cold technical friction.
Europe needs massive investment in its electricity grids because electricity demand and renewable energy generation are both increasing while much of the existing grid is aging. Around €584 billion was estimated to be needed between 2020 and 2030 for electricity infrastructure. Expanding and modernising grids is essential to connect new renewable projects, support businesses and industries, and move electricity efficiently across Europe.
